What gynaecologits should remember about
Kochs:-
Q.1:
How many members are aware that about one-third of the world’s population is
infected with this type of bacteria? But those who acquire infection not
all of them don’t develop active Koch’s due to
his/ her potent immune system either self developed or developed out of BCG vaccination.
Q.2: Out of all people infected with Kochs bacilli how many will
get infected and why do Pulmologist or health workers working at Chest
OPD/Chest indoor :
a) Only around 10–20 percent of people with this infection develop
“active TB.” and b) Health workers develop some defensive immune system due to chr
exposure .This bacteria is also like COVD-19 virus in the sense that many develop seroconversion without having
symptoms of fever, cough, loss of smell , profound weakness. But only few
people get active symptomatic TB .. est who get exposed to bact are become
latent koch’s. In many advanced a countries majority of population have never been infected with
such bacilli as in US. This is, however in contrast to our country.
Q.3:-What are the symp of active TB?? Ans: Symptoms
of TB include a bad cough, chest pain, and breathlessness. Symptoms of TB can
develop slowly and may vary. The main symptoms of pulmonary TB include:
- a
bad cough that lasts for at least 3 weeks
- chest
pain
- coughing
up blood or phlegm from the lungs
- breathlessness
More general symptoms of TB can
include:
- weight
loss
- a
loss of appetite
- nausea
and vomiting
- low
energy or fatigue
- fever and chills
- night
sweats
Q.
4:-What are the symp of active TB?? People with latent TB do not have any symptoms or feel
sick.
Q,5: What is the etiopathology??
TB is an
infection caused by a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis).
Q.6:
What is latent Kochs infection?? Ans:-A person who carries the bacteria but does not develop
symptoms are termed as “latent TB.” Q.7: Is latent TB contagious??
Ans: No . This is not contagious, but it
can eventually develop into active TB, particularly if a person’s immune system
becomes weakened from a condition such as HIV/ Malignancy/ severe malnutrition in
famine etc .
Q.8:
It is a bacterial disease. As such Nature’s rule will be applied. There is strong correlation
of host immune mechanism and reactivation of many diseases like TB/Toxo/ Herpes
/ CMV:--For instance, in a latent case àTB can become active when the immune system is unable to
prevent the bacteria from multiplying. But fortunately most people with latent TB
never go on to develop active disease. One can use a skin or blood test to
check for the presence of M. tuberculosis
in her/his body. A HCP(Health Care Provider) can determine whether a
person is infected with TB bacteria using a skin or blood test. The skin test
involves a healthcare provider injecting a small amount of fluid called
tuberculin into the person’s lower arm. The test is positive if the skin
develops a bump or swelling within 48–72 hours of
the injection.
The blood test involves taking a
small sample of blood and analyzing it for an immune system response to the TB
bacteria.(discussed today morning)
Q.9: Mode of
transmission: People with active pulmonary TB exhale the bacteria in
tiny water droplets when they cough, sneeze, or speak. These droplets travel
through the air and a person can breathe them in. This happens in case of COVID
too.
Q.10:-Why
office colleagues/ class mates are usually remain unaffected from colleague?? Ans: An individual generally needs to be in
prolonged close contact with someone who has active TB to contract the
infection. A TB infection in a part of the body other than the lungs is not
usually contagious(abdominal/ Lymph nodes/Bone TB) .
Q.11: What about Vaccine
??
A vaccine called bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is available, but it is not in
wide use in the United States, where TB rates are low. However, doctors of the
respective country may recommend the vaccine for children or healthcare workers
who have a high risk of TB exposure.
Q.12 What will be Treatment modality ?
Treatment depends on whether a
person has active or latent TB.For people with latent TB, it is recommend to offer preventive therapy is
recommended which typically involves taking isoniazid
daily for 6–9 months. But , people with active TB usually need to take a
combination of antibiotics for 6–12 months. First-line treatment options include isoniazid,
rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. While some people with active TB
require a short hospital stay, and many can receive treatment at home. We
should counsel the family members that most people start feeling better and are
no longer able to pass on the infection after a few weeks of treatment. However, it is essential to
complete the full course of treatment exactly as per instruction of the Rule of
the Land / concerned Pulmologist to keep the disease from recurring and to
prevent the bacteria from becoming resistant to the drugs.
Q.12 What is most
danger ahead?? Ans It is the development strain of MDR Kochs. Drug-resistant
TB is much more difficult to treat and can be very dangerous if a person passes
such highly virulent bact to other people. TB is curable, but it can be
life-threatening if a person does not receive the right treatment. Also, latent
TB can progress to active TB if a person does not receive preventive treatment.
If a person tests positive for the
bacteria, the doctor may also order a chest X-ray or sputum test to determine
whether the infection has progressed to active disease.
Anyone with symptoms of TB should
see a HCP . Also, anyone who believes
that they may have been in close contact with a person who has active TB should
seek medical advice. However, the CDC report that the incidence of TB in the U.S. has been
steadily declining since 1993. The incidence of TB in 2018 was 2.8 cases per
100,000 persons, which is the lowest ever to be reported in the country.
In 2016, doctors attributed 528 deaths to TB in the U.S., an increase from the 470 deaths reported in 2015.
Carry home message:--The CDC estimate that
up to 13 million people in the U.S. may have latent TB and that around 1 in 10
of these individuals will develop active TB. The risk of latent TB progressing
to active TB is greater among people with weakened immune systems, including
those who have HIV or who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy, such as
for cancer or an organ transplant.It is
crucial that people seek medical attention if they experience symptoms of TB or
have had contact with anyone who has active TB. The disease is highly
treatable, especially when a person receives an early diagnosis.
TB is one of the world’s deadliest
diseases, with approximately 1.3 million related deaths occurring worldwide in
2017. TB is also a leading cause of death among people who have HIV.
Pulmonary TB is a bacterial
infection of the lungs that can cause a range of symptoms, including chest
pain, breathlessness, and severe coughing. Pulmonary TB can be life-threatening
if a person does not receive treatment.
People with active TB can spread the
bacteria through the air. However, a person usually needs to be in prolonged
close contact to become infected.
Most individuals who become infected
with TB bacteria do not feel sick or experience any symptoms. Doctors describe
this as having latent TB. Latent TB is not contagious but it can eventually
develop into active TB.
Doctors treat latent or active TB
with a long course of antibiotics. People with active TB usually begin to feel
better after a few weeks of treatment.
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