Pubertal changes in girls-Thelarche, Puberache Growth surt, Adrenarche,,

Step 1:-Thelarche is the onset of female breast development. Girls usually begin puberty between the ages of 8 and 13 years old. The earliest sign of puberty in most girls is the development of breast "buds," nickel-sized bumps under the nipple. It is not unusual for breast growth to start on one side before the other. Girls usually begin puberty between the ages of 8 and 13 years old. Thelarche is the most common primary heralding sign of pubertal development. . Unilateral onset of breast development is a recognized entity, and it may take 6 months for the opposite breast bud to become palpable The Stages of  thelarche are as follows :-

·        Tanner stage 1.

·        Tanner stage 2.

·        Tanner stage 3.

·        Tanner stage 4.

·        Tanner stage 5.

·        .

B) Pubarche is the appearance of sexual hair. Pubarche (pubic hair development),One variation in onset of puberty is the development of pubarche (pubic hair development) before thelarche.

C) Adrenarche is the onset of androgen-dependent body changes such as growth of axillary hair, body odor, and acne. .Adrenarche is usually normal in girls who are at least 8 years old, and boys who are at least 9 years old. Even when pubic and axially hair appear in children younger than this, it is still usually nothing to worry about, It's normal and healthy to gain weight while going through puberty. ... This “growth spurt” happens very quickly. On average, girls grow about 3 inches (8 cm) per year during the growth spurt. Girls usually stop growing taller about 2 years after starting their menstrual period.

·         

D)       Menarche is the onset of menstruation.. In general, menarche occurs 24 months after thelarche .Approximately 18 months is required between initial onset of menarche and regular ovulatory cycles. Menarche however symbolizes the onset of sexual maturity and is characterized by the onset of the first menstrual bleeding. Although there's no one right age for a girl to get her period, there are some clues that it will start soon. Thelarche is the onset of female breast development. Pubarche is the appearance of sexual hair. Adrenarche is the onset of androgen-dependent body changes such as growth of axillary and pubic hair, body odor, and acne. The average age at menarche is 13.8 years; however, it ranges from 9 to 18 years and varies by race and ethnicity On an average ,most girls get their first period when they're around 12. But getting it any time between age 10 and 15 is OK. Every girl's body has its own schedule.. Menarche is the onset of menstruation.

..

What changes are observed in onset of menarche & menopause?? T

he first menstrual period, menarche, signals the beginning of the capacity to reproduce and is associated with the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Menarche is one of the most significant milestones in a woman's life. The first cycles tend to be anovulatory and vary widely in length. They are usually painless and occur without warning. Menarche occurs between the ages of 10 and 16 years in most girls in developed countries. Although the precise determinants of menarcheal age remain to be understood, genetic influences, socioeconomic conditions, general health and well-being, nutritional status, certain types of exercise, seasonality, and family size possibly play a role.

The decline in menarcheal age Lowering of age of menarche globally :Over the past century the age at menarche has fallen in industrialized countries, but that trend has stopped and may even be reversing. The average age at menarche in 1840 was 16.5 years, now it is 13. The age at menopause, however, has remained relatively constant at approximately 50 years. The length of time during which women are exposed to endogenous estrogen has therefore been increasing. Reasons for the fall in menarcheal age remain unclear, but one interpretation considers it to be a reflection of the improvement in health and environmental conditions. The decline in menarcheal age appears to be leveling off in many countries such as Britain, Iceland, Italy, Poland, and Sweden, but continues in Germany and some other countries.

Late menarche is associated with a decreased risk of developing breast cancer in later life, a decreased frequency of coronary heart disease, later first pregnancy, and reduction in teen pregnancy. Late menarche may, however, be positively associated with the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.