To conclude the drama for tonight:-Query 17:: How we came to world and now ready to vote in Lok Sabha in April-May, 2019:-Steps of : FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION
( VERY EARLY PREGNANCY Embryonic genome Activation:- Next process is embryonic gene expression: - Reprogramming is imposed by epigenetic modifications. This must happen and sadly over this a prospective mother has no say, including in IVF settings. Otherwise drama will fall & menstruation will resume.
( VERY EARLY PREGNANCY Embryonic genome Activation:- Next process is embryonic gene expression: - Reprogramming is imposed by epigenetic modifications. This must happen and sadly over this a prospective mother has no say, including in IVF settings. Otherwise drama will fall & menstruation will resume.
. Thank God all members were born and are now reading all these rubbish.compiled by Dr S K Pal. At the end , let me thank & offer my my sincere thanks to she (a respected member of this group) who initiated me about use of Bharglobe in Rec Impl failure. She ignited me to write all these nonsense of science. We Obstetricians better understand CS/Lap Hyst.Query 7 :: what is the prevalence of early pregnancy loss & incidence of failed implantation?
The prevalence of early preg loss –is estimated to be 25-40%., of this 75% is due to implantation failure. Query 6. What agents prevent implantation? CC & possibly antagonists prevents endometrial receptivity.
. Query 8 what are the factors controlling implantation?
Various endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, molecular, biochemical changes. The following factors favour / promote implantation. Cytokines (IL-5, IL-11), growth factors. (EGF, TGF-β, FGF, Transcription Factors (Hox), And lipid –all are modulated by sex steroids mainly by Oestrogen and Progesterone.
Oestrogen and progesterone have two types of receptor namely ER -α ER-β and Progesterone A & B receptors.
Progesterone is responsible for promotion of stromal transformation or decidualization, glandular secretions and vascular remodeling receptors are expressed by two different gens bit P –A & B receptors are expressed by single gene—and these genes are members of steroid receptor superfamily.
Query 9: What is HOXA-10? : - This gene rises or overexpressed dramatically during implantation. It indicates progesterone responsiveness at stromal tissue.
1) Adhesive Molecules:-
2) Cytokines:-
3) Extracellular matrix Proteins.-
4) Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors VEGF-Fibroblast growth Factor Family, an angioproteins.)
Query 6 What are Immunomodulators? Natural Killer Cells: - Represent 70% of uterine lymphocytes at the time of implantation. The word Killer is misnomer as it (uNK cells-- Uterine NK cells) does not kill but help to preserve the preg.
Query 6 What is Immune Tolerance:-? In response to presence of embryo containg paternal antigens –there is a local immune response occurs as is represented by large population of T-cells in the area of implantation.
QUERY 10: How all of us came to world?? What is meant by Immune Tolerance?
Half of the gene of embryo is foreign. Therefore some immunomodulators are needed for successful implantation and prevention of rejection.
Query 11:- What are the molecules that favour nidation? These molecules help immune acceptance: - The list of products that are favoures immune acceptance to pregnancy: - These molecules are 1) some A) human Leukocyte associated antigens Dr-α, and Fas Fas Ligand system. Near the trophoblast one can see too much HLA-C, HLA-E, and HLA-G. These are beneficial, But those HLA which promotes embryo rejection are HLA-A and HLA-B which induce allograft rejection. This -HLA-C, HLA-E, HLA-G. 2) Interleukins specially IL-1, 15. 3) Fas. It is the Fas ligand system is known to be important for immune acceptance of pregnancy.
B) Fas ligand (Fas or CD95L) belongs to TNF family. This Fas-L protein induces death/ apoptosis of T cells. So Fas ligand promotes apoptosis of activated lymphocytes.
C) Natural Killer Cells:-
D) Homeobox Genes: - The expression of Hoax 10 and HoxA 11 rise during secretory phase .These are in fact transcriptor factors belong to multigene family. These genes control both embryonic developments as well as help I implantation. People are trying to discover gene Ry for this gene.
E prostaglandins: - Phospho-lipase, Cyclo-Oxygenase and prostaglandin synthase are the enzymes that form PG:-
F) Matrix Metalloproteinase:-MMP-9- Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 helps in remodeling stroma favorably and tissue inhibitors of MNP (TMNP)-help in matrix degeneration favoring implantation.
Query 11:-. How to pharmacologically reduce T cell population:
A reduction in level of tryptophan inhibits T cell proliferation in uterine wall. Uterine tryptophan has to be increased.
The prevalence of early preg loss –is estimated to be 25-40%., of this 75% is due to implantation failure. Query 6. What agents prevent implantation? CC & possibly antagonists prevents endometrial receptivity.
. Query 8 what are the factors controlling implantation?
Various endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, molecular, biochemical changes. The following factors favour / promote implantation. Cytokines (IL-5, IL-11), growth factors. (EGF, TGF-β, FGF, Transcription Factors (Hox), And lipid –all are modulated by sex steroids mainly by Oestrogen and Progesterone.
Oestrogen and progesterone have two types of receptor namely ER -α ER-β and Progesterone A & B receptors.
Progesterone is responsible for promotion of stromal transformation or decidualization, glandular secretions and vascular remodeling receptors are expressed by two different gens bit P –A & B receptors are expressed by single gene—and these genes are members of steroid receptor superfamily.
Query 9: What is HOXA-10? : - This gene rises or overexpressed dramatically during implantation. It indicates progesterone responsiveness at stromal tissue.
1) Adhesive Molecules:-
2) Cytokines:-
3) Extracellular matrix Proteins.-
4) Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors VEGF-Fibroblast growth Factor Family, an angioproteins.)
Query 6 What are Immunomodulators? Natural Killer Cells: - Represent 70% of uterine lymphocytes at the time of implantation. The word Killer is misnomer as it (uNK cells-- Uterine NK cells) does not kill but help to preserve the preg.
Query 6 What is Immune Tolerance:-? In response to presence of embryo containg paternal antigens –there is a local immune response occurs as is represented by large population of T-cells in the area of implantation.
QUERY 10: How all of us came to world?? What is meant by Immune Tolerance?
Half of the gene of embryo is foreign. Therefore some immunomodulators are needed for successful implantation and prevention of rejection.
Query 11:- What are the molecules that favour nidation? These molecules help immune acceptance: - The list of products that are favoures immune acceptance to pregnancy: - These molecules are 1) some A) human Leukocyte associated antigens Dr-α, and Fas Fas Ligand system. Near the trophoblast one can see too much HLA-C, HLA-E, and HLA-G. These are beneficial, But those HLA which promotes embryo rejection are HLA-A and HLA-B which induce allograft rejection. This -HLA-C, HLA-E, HLA-G. 2) Interleukins specially IL-1, 15. 3) Fas. It is the Fas ligand system is known to be important for immune acceptance of pregnancy.
B) Fas ligand (Fas or CD95L) belongs to TNF family. This Fas-L protein induces death/ apoptosis of T cells. So Fas ligand promotes apoptosis of activated lymphocytes.
C) Natural Killer Cells:-
D) Homeobox Genes: - The expression of Hoax 10 and HoxA 11 rise during secretory phase .These are in fact transcriptor factors belong to multigene family. These genes control both embryonic developments as well as help I implantation. People are trying to discover gene Ry for this gene.
E prostaglandins: - Phospho-lipase, Cyclo-Oxygenase and prostaglandin synthase are the enzymes that form PG:-
F) Matrix Metalloproteinase:-MMP-9- Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 helps in remodeling stroma favorably and tissue inhibitors of MNP (TMNP)-help in matrix degeneration favoring implantation.
Query 11:-. How to pharmacologically reduce T cell population:
A reduction in level of tryptophan inhibits T cell proliferation in uterine wall. Uterine tryptophan has to be increased.
There are
epithelial,-both surface and glandular, Stromal cells –mesenchymal cells are involved
in diff kind of changes glandular and Thickness of endo at the beginning of
prolif phase is about 2 mm. -->at midluteal phase it is about 10-14 mm.
Query15. What is Progesterone induced Blocking Factor?
What are asymmetric antibodies? These
antibodies protect the foetus from rejection. PIBF produce Th2, NK cells,
.These protect the foetus from rejection.
What are symmetric antibodies? These
are Th1 cells
Query 16. What are the different stages of embryo: - After fertilization the embryoà 8 cell stage on day 3-4 postfertlizationà then undergoes a stage called compactionà 8-16 cell morula, no increase in size of embryo though no. of DNA&
nuclei enlarges.-à Compact embryo(Morula)à Blastocyst 32-64 cells(at 4-5 days post ovulatory)à,
Query 16. How and why -àMorula to Blastocyst Transition:- Some genes are responsible for Nanog &
Oct4 genes are responsible for segregation and of Trophoectodrm and ICM inner cell Mass).a CAVITY APPEARS INSIDE THE
BLASTOCYST AND TWO DISTIBCT CELL TYPE ARE FORMED E.G. Tropho-ectoderm(outer
cell mass)& Inner cell Mass
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