DHA supplementation in
pregnancy could decrease
the incidence of deep
placental disorders . DHA supplementation in
pregnancy could decrease
the incidence of deep
placental disorders. The failure
of a normal placentation may cause
uteroplacental ischemia
responsible for several complications including
preeclampsia fetal growth restriction preterm labor PROM. Researchers have noticed an
early first trimester
supplementation was associated
with a significantly better outcome that the effects of DHA supplementation on the placentation disorders Other research have
shown that DHA supplementation after
20 weeks low level of placental apoptosis
and subsequently with a decreased
incidence of placental failure. Additionally , it has been shown that
routine DHA supplementation
prevents Preeclampsia and Pregnancy Induced
Hypertension by diminishing multifactorial placental
dysfunction combining
excessive oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Vascular endothelial growth factor is an angiogenic factor that is involved in preeclampsia low serum level of VEGF deficit could lead
to endothelium cell
dysfunction with a possible
reduced transfer of fatty
acids. an early first trimester
supplementation was associated
with a significantly better outcome. Preeclampsia was associated with a reduced maternal level of
plasmatic total omega-3
fatty acids and with a higher
level of oxidative stress
activity.Not only prevention of PIH but too much body weight gain
and prevalence of GDM can be minimized with regular intake of DHA.
What is the
fault is Indian diets? Ans:-- The ideal
ratio of omega 3 to omega 6 should be
1: 1 to 1;2.5. But in Indian diets it is usually
around 1:17 to 1:20 . Such
low levels become a concern especially
during peak spurts of neurodevelopment such as
the first 1000 days. Indian
diets are largely deficient in
DHA are quite low. Indians do
consume sources of
the precursor, alpha
linolenic acid like mustard oils , soybean oil. Flax seeds
walnuts. Excess omega 6 fats in Indian diets inhibit the
endogenous synthesis of DHA from ALNA. Hence negligible DHA rich products coupled
with an excess of omega 6
sources result in low plasma DHA and a sub optimal omega -3
to omega 6 ratio among Indian
populations.
DHA
& Foetal and Neonatal development:-- DHA and Neurodevelopment :- Higher omega
3 long chain poly unsaturated fatty acid
levels such as
docosahexaenoic acid have been correlated
with enhanced infant neurodevelopment. DHA is a vital
structural component of human
brain and retina.
DHA an important
component of neural lipids accumulating in neural
tissue during development
. Inadequate DHA in
gestation may compromise infant development
. The
n-3 fatty acid DHA increases in the
brain grey matter as well as retina
phospholipids during early development
with a well known higher
proportion of DHA in the brain and
retina PL than other organs. The infant brain is only about 25% of the adult brain weight
at term gestation being about 370
g and increasing to about 70 % of
adult brain weight by 12 months
synapses, that are rich
in DHA increase with remarkable rates of formation of 4000 synapses / second during the first 2 years with
structural reorganization and pruning of synapses leading to maximum
synaptic density from about 6-7 years..DHA intake
and status of children up to
about 10 years are related to child neural function including verbal learning
ability language reading spelling non verbal intelligence and memory. The
first 1000 days is the period from conception through to a child’s second birthday
commonly, is a crucial window to improve maternal child health and nutrition indicators
and optimize human capital. . A mother’s
nutrition during this critical
phase impacts both prenatal and postnatal growth and the offspring development . Higher omega 3
long chain poly unsaturated fatty acid
levels such as
docosahexaenoic acid have been correlated
with enhanced infant neurodevelopment.
.
Lc-PUFA & prevalence of Preeclampsia
It has been
shown that Patients with
preeclampsia showed a reduced concentration of Lc- PUFA
and consequently has a deficiency
of antiinflammatory factors such
as lipoxin and prostaglandins. Omega 3
fatty acids & preeclampsia . A
prospective study comparing preeclampsia
women and healthy controls showed also
that preeclampsia was associated with
a reduced maternal level of
plasmatic total omega-3
fatty acids and with a higher
level of oxidative stress
activity.
A study measured
serum fatty acid concentrations
in 140 normotensive and 54 PE
women from the 16th
week of gestation till delivery. It
was found lower levels
of DHA in maternal plasma , cord plasma
and placenta in the group with PE .Further it was
suggested that supplementation
of omega 3 fatty acids during
the 16-20th week
of gestation could improve fatty acid status in infants
born to mothers with PE.
Maternal and placental DHA level was
inversely correlated with the seric
concentration of an
antagonist of VEGF and placental growth factor, the soluble like
tyrosine kinase receptor. It was recommended that an abnormal
LCPUFA metabolism in the membrane with low DHA
concentration was responsible
for an increased release of
sFIT-1 in the maternal
circulation.
DHA and
Obesity
During pregnancy
obesity is a concern for the
obstetrician because of the associated maternal
and fetal morbidity. A review studied the role of n-3
LC- PUFAs in pregnant obese women with
metabolic syndrome . The authors observed that prevention of preterm
delivery and improvement of fetal
and neonatal outcome
.Further they concluded that a
supplementation with PUFAs is recommended
although the optimal dose and treatment strategy
should be determined.
DHA and Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes
mellitus a common
pregnancy complication with
an increasing prevalence between 3 and 10 %
GDM is associated with short as well
as long term maternal
and fetal morbidity
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