Epimutations

Epigenetic : What is epimutations” in sperm cells/Oocytes?? .How are the b offsprings adversely affected  in later-life pregnancies which  has become a fashion of civilization /Urbanization –A tremendous surge indeed.

Epigenetic: a relatively new field exploring how genes are affected by factors other than the underlying DNA sequence.

What we eat and drink, whether we smoke, how stressed we get: all of these can change the way sperm cells /immature ocyes behave. Older parents are generally more conscientious about living healthily, but for some the damage is already done due their age factor.

What happens while he(prospective father) or mother (prospective mother in discussion) was in utero??  What factors adversely affected the embryonic development and gene sharing at fertilization?? Years of absorbing airborne pollution, pesticides, adulterations, and all manner of endocrine disrupters may create a state of germ cell damage which is called “epimutations” . This submicroscopic damage may hamper either in sperm cells,

or immature oocyte  or both resulting with  adverse consequences for the resulting children.

Fortunately not all embryos are affected and many do escape insult by environmental / workplace toxins. However,  it is now known that “the proportion of children of older fathers or mothers who have psychiatric or neurological disorders is higher than in children of parents of average age.”

Few decades back, couples have had children in their twenties  to thirties , But things are different now  in twenty-first century and  first birth is not uncommon in when woman is aged late thirties or forties. Accordingly it is not uncommon to come across first time father is aged somewhere 45-50 yrs.