Pregnant women can safely receive
both hepatitis A vaccine and hepatitis immune globulin. The recommended regimen
consists of two doses with the second dose given 6 months after the first dose.
For post-exposure prophylaxis,
hepatitis A vaccine and hepatitis A immune globulin 0.02 mg/kg IM is
administered. Hepatitis A continues to
be one of the most frequently reported vaccine- preventable diseases globally .despite
a vaccine being on the market since 1995. Sporadic outbreaks used to occur in
our country . Additionally, many pregnant women , now as of 2020 travel to
hepatitis A endemic areas .
Pregnant women are at increased risk
of infection with hepatitis A virus if a member of their family becomes ill
with hepatitis A, if they work in an area with infected persons, if they are
employed in an area with high hepatitis A infection (Health Care Personnel)rates
such as daycare facilities or institutional facilities or have sexual contact
during the incubation or clinical phase.
The hepatitis A vaccine for persons
at high risk for infections. These groups include:
1
travelers
to countries with high rates of infection (countries already mentioned);
2
men
who have sex with men;
3
injecting
drug users;
4
persons
with clotting factor disorders;
5
persons
with chronic liver disease of any type;
6
children
who live in communities with high rates of disease;
7
a
desire to be protected from hepatitis A virus disease;
8
prophylaxis
because of a local outbreak of disease.
Fecal-oral transmission is the
predominant mode of spread. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is excreted in the stools
of infected persons for 1-2 weeks before and 1 week after the onset of the
illness. The viremic phases of hepatitis A infections are short and there is no
chronic fecal carrier state. Because of the short viremic phase,
maternal-neonatal transmission is not a recognized epidemiological entity.
.
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