Microarray

Microarray and The "gene chip" industry ??

It started to grow significantly after the 1995. However it was known that a microarray is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip. It is a two-dimensional array on a solid substrate (usually a glass slide or silicon thin-film cell) that tests  large amounts of biological material using high-throughput screening miniaturized, multiplexed and parallel processing and detection methods.

The concept and methodology of microarrays was first introduced and illustrated in antibody microarrays (also referred to as antibody matrix) by Tse Wen Chang in 1983 in a scientific publication and a series of patents. The "gene chip" industry started to grow significantly after the 1995 Science Paper by the Ron Davis and Pat Brown labs at Stanford University. The technology of DNA microarrays has become the most sophisticated and the most widely used, while the use of protein, peptide and carbohydrate microarrays is expanding.

Q,2 What are the different kinds of microarrays ??? Ans: -These are

·         1) DNA microarrays, such as cDNA microarrays, 2) oligonucleotide microarrays, 3) BAC microarrays and 4) SNP microarrays

·         5) MMChips, for surveillance of microRNA populations

·         6) Protein microarrays

·         Peptide microarrays, for detailed analyses or optimization of protein–protein interactions

·         7) Tissue microarrays

·         8) Cellular microarrays (also called transfection microarrays)

·         9) Chemical compound microarrays

11)               Antibody microarrays

·         Glycan arrays (carbohydrate arrays)

·         12) Phenotype microarrays

·         13)  Reverse phase protein lysate microarrays, 14) microarrays of lysates or serum

·         15( Interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS)

People in the field of CMOS biotechnology are developing

16) New kinds of microarrays are also in the horizon:  Once fed magnetic nanoparticles, individual cells can be moved independently and simultaneously on a microarray of magnetic coils. 17) A microarray of nuclear magnetic resonance microcoils is under development.

Fabrication and operation of microarrays

A large number of technologies underlie the microarray platform, including the material substrates, spotting of bimolecular arrays, and the microfluidic packaging of the arrays.