Friday, 21 August 2020

Prostodin for treatment and prophylaxis of PPH

 

What is prostodin??  Ans: It is chemically Carboprost tromethamine and is  synthetic 15-methyl analogue of prostaglandin F. It may be administered via intramuscular injection at a dose of 0.25 mg, and may be repeated every 15 min until a maximum total dose of 2 mg has been administered Carboprost has been reported to be 84–96% effective in the treatment of persistent hemorrhage due to uterine atony, and may avoid the need for surgical intervention However, few studies have examined its use for the prevention of PPH  in comparison to Oxytocin .  

 

Researchers compared prophylactic sublingual misoprostol, intramuscular methylergometrine and intramuscular carboprost for the active management of the third stage of labor, and observed that the three drugs were equally effective in the prevention of PPH, although vomiting & diarrhea was more common in the patients who received carboprost. carboprost was more effective than oxytocin in preventing PPH in high-risk patients undergoing cesarean delivery. The drug was well-tolerated with minimal adverse effects. Carboprost may be considered to be suitable drug for the active management of the third stage of labor in this patient population.

 In a similar study, compared carboprost and methylergometrine in 150 females who were randomly assigned to receive one of the two drugs, and observed that the duration of the third stage of labor and mean blood loss were significantly less in the carboprost group. Overall efficacy in prevention of PPH by carboprost is about 90%

Side effects of prostodin ?? : Carboprost may cause prostaglandin-like side-effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, hypertension and bronchial asthma caused by the contraction of smooth muscles. It may also act on the thermoregulatory center, increasing the basal body temperature . Patients may experience hot flashes, sweating and increased irritability. Despite the aforementioned potential side-effects, serious side-effects are rare and self-limited Vomiting was relatively common in the patients who received carboprost; however, it was readily managed.

 

.We know that oxytocin  reduce the incidence of PPH but what is the limitations of oxytocin?? Oxytocin is the most commonly used uterotonic agent for the prevention of PPH, and has been demonstrated to reduce blood loss following delivery. However, oxytocin has a half-life of <10 min and thus must be administered by continuous intravenous infusion . Furthermore, saturation of uterine receptors may occur, and excessive dosages are capable of producing water toxicity due to its antidiuretic effect

. Inj Prostodin :- It is carboprost tromethamine  is the synthetic 15-methyl analogue of prostaglandin F, and has been reported to be 84–96% effective in the treatment of persistent hemorrhage due to uterine atony . Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) refers to >500 ml blood loss within 24 h following vaginal delivery, >1,000 ml following cesarean delivery, or the requirement for a blood transfusion within 24 h of delivery PPH is reported to occur in ~5% of all deliveries, and the risk is significantly greater with cesarean delivery than vaginal delivery .

In China, PPH is the most common serious obstetric complication and the leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for 49.9% of maternal deaths The leading cause of PPH is uterine atony, followed by retained placenta and injury to the genital tract .

Risk factors for PPH include fetal macrosomia, prolonged labor, multiple pregnancies, polyhydramnios, uterine myoma, and placenta previa, grand multiparty and uterine infection

 

 

Other uterotonic agents have been studied, and have been shown to reduce PPH, including carbetocin, a long-acting synthetic oxytocin analogue, ergot alkaloids (such as ergonovine, syntometrine) and prostaglandins (such as misoprostol and carboprost) .

However, since its introduction, there have been few studies of its effectiveness for the prevention and treatment of PPH, and only one specifically examining its use following cesarean delivery.

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