Microalbuminuria its causes & What is ACR ??

 

Microalbuminuria can be diagnosed from a 24-hour urine collection (between 30–300 mg/24 hours) or, more commonly, from elevated concentration in a spot sample (20 to 200 mg/l). Both must be measured on at least two of three measurements over a two- to three-month period.  To compensate for variations in urine concentration in spot-check samples, comparing the amount of albumin in the sample against its concentration of creatinine is helpful. This is termed the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)   and microalbuminuria is defined as ACR ≥3.5 mg/mmol (female) or ≥2.5 mg/mmol (male), or with both substances measured by mass, as an ACR between 30 and 300 µg albumin/mg creatinine.  For the diagnosis of microalbuminuria, care must be taken when collecting sample for the urine ACR.