Proteinuria its causes

 Etiology of proteinuria

Normal amount of protein in the urine are less than 150 mg/day.

· Nephrotic syndromes (i.e. intrinsic kidney failure)

· Pre-eclampsia

· Eclampsia

· Toxic lesions of kidneys

· Collagen vascular diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus)

· Dehydration

· Glomerular diseases, such as membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis)

· Diabetes mellitus (diabetic nephropathy)

· Drugs (e.g. NSAIDs, nicotine, penicillamine, lithium carbonate, gold and other heavy metals, ACE inhibitors, antibiotics,

· Ig A nephropathy (i.e. Berger's disease)

· IgM nephropathy

· Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

· Membranous nephropathy

· HELLP syndrome

· Systemic lupus erythematosus

· Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

· Rheumatoid arthritis

· urinary tract infection

· Sjögren syndrome

· Post-infectious glomerulone­phritis

· Polycystic kidney disease

·

· Amyloidosis

· Minimal change disease

· Strenuous exercise

· Stress

· Benign orthostatic (postural) proteinuria

· Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

· Sarcoidosis

· Alport syndrome

· or opiates (especially heroin)[7]

· Fabry disease

· Infections (e.g. HIV, syphilis, hepatitis, poststreptococcal infection, urinary schistosomiasis)

· Aminoaciduria

· Fanconi syndrome in association with Wilson disease

· Hypertensive nephrosclerosis

· Interstitial nephritis

· Sickle cell disease

· Hemoglobinuria

· Multiple myeloma

· Myoglobinuria

· Dental mercury amalgam

· Organ rejection:

· Ebola virus disease

· Nail–patella syndrome

· Familial Mediterranean fever

· Glycogen storage disease type Goodpasture syndrome

· Henoch–Schönlein purpura

· Sjögren syndrome

· Post-infectious glomerulone­phritis

· Living kidney donor

· Polycystic kidney disease