How is gonadotrophins manufactured from human menopausal urine??

How is gonadotrophins manufactured from human menopausal urine?? As one purifies menopausal urine which contains high quantum of   both fsh & lh too it is technically demanding. As such raw material also  do contains urinary proteins, Bacteria, organism and needless to mention LH too . Therefore proper extraction of FSH is necessary and we don’t like to have Proteins , Organisms  & LH in some preparations (High purified)  .

Classifications of available gonadotrophins.

Commercially available gonaditrophins are:-

Source	FSH content	LH content	Protein as impurity	Route	Brands.
Urinary hMG	75 I U.	75 I.U.		I.M.
Urinary Pure FSH	p-FSH	<1% LH	95%	I.M.
Urinary	FSH-HP	<0.1	< 4% impurity	s.c.

Recombinant Preparations of Gonadotrophins.

rhFSH

1995

No LH at all

No proteins

1)                       Follitrophin-α

Gonal-F-Sereno

Supplied as PFS-ready to use

do		do	do	2)                       Follitrophin-β Both contain natural alpha & beta subunits.	Puregon-NV Organon	Loaded by cartridge: Self administration” pen devices.
rhLH					Luveris-Sereno
rhCg					Ovitrelle & Ovidrel.