What is the toughest voyage in
world ?? It is not certainly Bon Voyage!!! Lets see as we proceed with
discussions!!! Sperm Transport in Male and Female Reproductive Tract
The spermatozoa complete the journey from seminiferous tubule to external
urethral meatus while doing so the spermatozoa mature along the genital tract
and develop capacitation and activation in the female genital tract. On
entering the epididymis from vasa efferentia, the composition and volume of
semen changes. The spermatozoa get concentrated by fluid absorption from 50
million/ml on entry to same 5000 million/ml while leaving the epididymis.
Epididymis adds secretory products like carnitine and glycerol phosphoryl
choline and changes the glycoprotein profile on the surface of the
spermatozoon.
Semen
is deposited in the post vaginal fornix during sexual intercourse. The
spermatozoa penetrate rapidly into cervical mucus (CM). The CM is scanty and
viscous during most of the menstrual cycle but the character changes completely
during the period of ovulation becoming copious and thinner. The mucus is
secreted by the secretory cells in endocervical canal (see ervical mucus C).
The physical characters of mucus change in order to bar the entry of
spermatozoa during the non-ovulatory period, thus limiting its entry in the
mid-cycle only so that the sperm are able to gain access to the ovum awaiting
in the fimbrial portion of the tube. The spermatozoa display linear migration
for a short period of 1 to 2 days in the mid-cycle. The beating of the sperm
flagellum is greater in the ovulatory cervical mucus that either in seminal
plasma or any of the culture fluids. The maximum score (Insler Score 12) of
cervical mucus improves with estrogen peak, thus demonstrating the fact that
the cervical glands are dependent on changing levels of estrogen. Cervical
canal has crypts or glands, which produce cervical mucus that contains glucose
and other source of energy. It forms a reservoir of spermatozoa inside the
glands. The CM also removes inactive spermatozoa
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